Open Access
Multidisciplinary Research Journal of BDSU
Dr. Awinash Kumar
menu_book Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2026
link doi: N/A
Waste incineration, a process of burning waste materials at high temperatures, offers a viable solution for waste volume reduction and energy recovery. However, the combustion process generates various air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), acid gases (HCl, HF), dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and heavy metals. These emissions pose significant threats to human health and the environment. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the common air pollution control technologies (APCTs) employed in waste incineration plants to mitigate these emissions.
Open Access
Multidisciplinary Research Journal of BDSU
Dr. Pankaj Kumar
menu_book Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2026
link doi: N/A
The reliable joining of 316L austenitic stainless steel, a primary material for temporary biomedical implants and surgical instruments, remains critical for ensuring device safety and performance. While Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) and Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding are widely used in medical device manufacturing, a systematic comparative analysis of their impact on biomedical-critical properties is lacking. This study comprehensively investigates the effects of TIG and MIG welding on the microstructure, mechanical integrity, and bio-corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel joints. Autogenous butt welds were prepared using optimized parameters for each process. Microstructural characterization revealed that TIG welding produced a refined heat-affected zone (HAZ) with minimal delta-ferrite content, while MIG welding resulted in a coarser HAZ and the presence of retained ferrite. Mechanical testing demonstrated comparable tensile strength for both processes (above 85% of base metal), but with significant differences in micro-hardness distribution; TIG joints exhibited uniform hardness across the weld zone, whereas MIG joints showed elevated hardness in the HAZ attributed to residual stresses and martensitic transformation. Corrosion assessment in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C indicated that TIG-welded samples possessed superior pitting corrosion resistance (Epit = 315 mVSCE) compared to MIG (Epit = 268 mVSCE), attributed to the lower HAZ sensitization and minimized carbide/nitride precipitation. The findings elucidate the process-specific microstructural evolutions and their direct correlation with joint integrity, providing critical guidance for selecting appropriate welding techniques in medical device fabrication.
Open Access
Multidisciplinary Research Journal of BDSU
Dr. Pankaj Kumar
menu_book Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2026
link doi: N/A
The construction industry’s heavy reliance on conventional burnt clay bricks has caused serious
environmental degradation, including topsoil depletion, high energy consumption, and
substantial greenhouse gas emissions. This paper provides a comprehensive review and analysis
of compact green sand bricks that incorporate fly ash—an industrial by product of coal fired
thermal power plants—as a sustainable alternative. The study synthesises findings from recent
experimental investigations into fly ash–cement–sand composite bricks, examining their
mechanical properties, durability characteristics, and environmental performance. Results from
multiple studies indicate that optimised fly ash–sand brick mixes can achieve compressive
strengths ranging from 9.13 MPa to 28 MPa, with water absorption values below 20 % and
negligible efflorescence [1, 7]. Life cycle assessment studies demonstrate that fly ash bricks can
reduce carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by over 80 % compared with conventional sand
block manufacturing [4]. The pozzolanic reactivity of fly ash, combined with appropriate curing
regimes—particularly steam curing—enhances early age strength development and
microstructural densification [1, 12]. This paper concludes that compact green sand bricks with
fly ash represent a technically viable, economically attractive, and environmentally superior
alternative to traditional clay bricks, thereby contributing to circular economy principles in the
construction sector
Open Access
Multidisciplinary Research Journal of BDSU
Dr. Manjunath
menu_book Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2026
link doi: N/A
Numerous major ailments, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases, as well as numerous other health issues, are associated with tobacco smoking. Worldwide, tobacco smoking results in a significant number of fatalities and serious illnesses each year. The harmful effects of tobacco use on dental health are just one of the numerous health issues associated with it. A wide range of oral health issues are brought on by tobacco smoking, from social (poor breath) to life-threatening (precancerous alterations leading to oral cancer) and serious (periodontal illness, tooth decay). Tobacco can be ingested orally in a number of ways, such as smoked tobacco, smokeless tobacco chewed on its own, or tobacco mixed with areca nut. The dental health is negatively impacted by all of these tobacco products. Quitting tobacco products is the most important preventive action to avoid the oral health issues brought on by tobacco usage. The risk of developing oral cancer drops rapidly when a smoker ceases tobacco use. After ten years of not using tobacco, an ex-smoker/user’s risk of oral cancers is about the same as that for someone who has never smoked. To stop using tobacco products is not an easy task.
Open Access
Multidisciplinary Research Journal of BDSU
Dr. Gokul Acharjee
menu_book Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2026
link doi: N/A
Millets, officially recognized as 'Shree Anna' in India, are among the oldest cultivated crops in human history. Despite their ecological resilience and profound nutritional benefits, these 'miracle grains' experienced a severe decline in cultivation and consumption during the Green Revolution, which heavily favored high-yielding varieties of rice and wheat. However, the exponential rise in lifestyle-related chronic diseases—such as diabetes, obesity, and celiac disease—has prompted a global rediscovery of millets, culminating in the United Nations declaring 2023 as the International Year of Millets. This review synthesizes the classification, global production, and profound therapeutic properties of millets. Drawing on the pioneering research of Dr. Khadar Vali, millets are categorized into positive, neutral, and negative grains based on their dietary fiber-to-carbohydrate ratios. The paper comprehensively outlines the structural wellness benefits of the five 'Siridhanya' (positive millets) and presents detailed dietary and herbal decoction protocols for the management of various chronic ailments. By integrating these grains into modern diets, particularly through traditional probiotic preparations like 'Amali' (gruel), societies can combat metabolic syndromes while promoting sustainable agriculture.
Open Access
Multidisciplinary Research Journal of BDSU
Dr. Manish Dubey
menu_book Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2026
link doi: N/A
Protein folding is an essential biological process that enables proteins to attain their correct three-dimensional structure and perform their physiological functions. Disruptions in protein folding can result in conformational instability, intracellular retention, aggregation, and degradation of proteins, contributing to the development of numerous inherited and acquired diseases. Protein misfolding has been implicated in a wide range of disorders, including lysosomal storage diseases, cystic fibrosis, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, metabolic disorders, and certain cancers. Conventional therapeutic approaches, including enzyme replacement therapy and symptomatic treatments, often provide limited efficacy because they do not directly address the underlying molecular defects responsible for disease progression. Pharmaceutical chaperones have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy that targets the root cause of many conformational disorders. These small-molecule compounds selectively bind to unstable or misfolded proteins, stabilize their native conformation, facilitate proper folding, enhance intracellular trafficking, and prevent premature degradation by cellular quality-control mechanisms. Consequently, functional protein levels are restored, leading to improved cellular homeostasis and therapeutic outcomes. The clinical success of migalastat in Fabry disease has validated the potential of pharmaceutical chaperone therapy and stimulated extensive research into its application for other protein misfolding disorders. Recent advances in structural biology, computational drug design, artificial intelligence, and proteostasis research have accelerated the identification and optimization of novel pharmaceutical chaperones with enhanced specificity and efficacy. Additionally, combination approaches involving enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy, and proteostasis regulators are broadening their therapeutic applications. Despite challenges related to mutation specificity, safety, and target selectivity, pharmaceutical chaperones represent an innovative class of precision therapeutics with significant potential for the treatment of diverse conformational diseases and the advancement of modern drug discovery.
Open Access
Multidisciplinary Research Journal of BDSU
Dr T S V Satyanarayana
menu_book Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2026
link doi: N/A
Basal implantology, also referred to as corticobasal implantology, strategic implantology, or bicortical implantology, is an advanced implant rehabilitation concept that utilizes the dense cortical bone of the maxilla and mandible for implant anchorage rather than the resorbable alveolar bone. Basal implants achieve primary stability through osseofixation in the cortical bone. This principle enables immediate functional loading, often within 72 hours, while avoiding additional procedures such as sinus floor elevation, guided bone regeneration, and block bone grafting.
The concept of basal implantology has evolved considerably since the development of the first single-piece implant by Dr. Jean-Marc Julliet in 1972. Subsequent innovations by Dr. Gérard Scortecci and Prof. Stefan Ihde led to the development of modern Basal Osseointegrated (BOI), Basal Cortical Screw (BCS), and KOS implant system. This review summarizes the biological basis, historical development, biomechanical principles, implant designs, surgical protocols, indications, contraindications, prosthetic considerations, and current clinical evidence related to basal implantology. Recent advances in digital implant planning, CAD/CAM prostheses, and finite element analysis are also discussed.
Keywords: Basal implantology, Corticobasal implant, Bicortical implant, BOI implant, BCS implant, Immediate loading, Osseofixation, Strategic implantology, Cortical bone.
Open Access
Multidisciplinary Research Journal of BDSU
Prof. (Dr.) Dinesh K Gautam
menu_book Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2026
link doi: N/A
William Shakespeare reshaped English literature by inventing over 1,700 words, popularizing enduring idioms, and pioneering psychological character depth. His profound yet accessible style transformed drama and poetry, establishing the structural and linguistic foundation for modern writing. He, often regarded as the well-known playwright and poet in the history of English language, continues to exert a profound influence on English literature centuries after his time. The paper highlights Shakespeare's enduring inheritance by examining how his works have shaped and prejudiced subsequent English literature. The study begins with an overview of Shakespeare's life and literary career, highlighting his commendable contributions to various genres such as tragedy, comedy, history, inspirational dialogue, love, affection, keen interest in social system, custom, traditions, core values, morals, bonding of sweet relations between each other and romance. While a inclusive literature review, the paper scrutinizes themes, motifs, and dramatic techniques employed by Shakespeare that have resonated throughout the ages. Investigative understandings into specific plays and poems illustrate Shakespeare's innovative use of language, character development, and narrative structure, which have served as a model for generations of writers. The dialogue explores into the reworking and reinterpretation of Shakespearean themes and characters in modern literature, showcasing his significance in modern-day global contexts. Finally, this paper emphasizes Shakespeare's lasting impact on English literature, affirming his status as a introductory figure whose works remain to inspire and provoke life-threatening examination.
Keywords: English literature, Fictional inheritance, Inspiration Effect, Theatrical performances, Social & cultural inheritance, happiness & human relation, responsibility & commitment.
Open Access
Multidisciplinary Research Journal of BDSU
Kumari Garima Rani
menu_book Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2026
link doi: N/A
The growth of the internet has changed the way businesses identify themselves and connect with consumers. In this changing environment, domain names are no longer used only as web addresses; they have also become important business identifiers. This article examines the Delhi High Court’s decision in Info Edge (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. Shailesh Gupta, a significant case dealing with domain-name protection, passing off and typosquatting in India. The case concerned the well-known domain name “naukri.com” and a deceptively similar domain name used by a competing employment website to divert internet users. The article analyses how the Court approached the protection of a descriptive term that had acquired distinctiveness through continuous use and goodwill. It also considers the Court’s reliance on the principles of passing off and the bad-faith standard under the ICANN UDRP. While the decision provided important protection against the misuse of domain names and helped establish the trademark-like character of domain names in Indian law, certain aspects of the reasoning remain open to criticism. In particular, the article examines the limited evidence relied upon to establish secondary meaning, the use of UDRP principles within Indian common-law reasoning, and the Court’s approach to confusion caused at the initial stage of accessing a website. The article further highlights the difficulty of protecting descriptive and vernacular words without unnecessarily restricting their legitimate use by competitors. It concludes that Info Edge remains an important foundation of Indian cyber-IP jurisprudence, but its principles need to be applied with greater evidentiary and doctrinal care as new forms of online infringement continue to emerge.
Open Access
Multidisciplinary Research Journal of BDSU
Dr. Bimlendu Kumar Roy
menu_book Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2026
link doi: N/A
Skeletal muscle contraction as a consequence of physical activity is characterized by a significant rise in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) known as the oxidants. In accordance with the intensity, duration, type of exercise, and fitness level of the athlete, the exercise-associated oxidative stress might result in negative or positive effects on muscle integrity and performance. At high and uncontrolled levels, ROS/RNS cause lipid peroxidation, oxidation of proteins and DNA molecules, dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling, and muscle damage. In contrast, at lower physiological levels of ROS, these molecules are responsible for important signaling functions involved in promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, stimulating antioxidant defenses, and triggering adaptive responses to physical training in accordance with the concept of hormesis. The present review covers information about cellular sources of exercise-induced ROS/RNS, mechanisms of oxidative damage to contractile and metabolic components of muscle cells, a double-faced effect of oxidants in muscle fatigue and adaptation, effect of the athlete's training status and exercise type, and debates regarding the antioxidant supplementation among athletes.
Keywords: oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; skeletal muscle; exercise; antioxidants; muscle fatigue; redox signalling.
